How the new democratic theory was proposed
January 9, 1940,Mao Zedong at the First Congress of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Cultural Association,gave a lecture on "The Politics of New Democracy and the Culture of New Democracy";February 20 of the same year,The full text was published in the 98th issue of "Liberation" published in Yan'an under the title "On New Democracy"、In the 99th issue。This article is an important symbol of the formation of new democratic theory,is a seabet app Communist with Comrade Mao Zedong as the main representative,Integrate the basic principles of Marxism with the specific reality of China,A great theoretical result achieved。
As soon as the Communist Party of China was established,Consciously shoulder the historical responsibility of leading the Chinese people in the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal seabet app。As the revolutionary struggle unfolds,Many major theoretical issues face the Chinese Communists,How to understand the nature of Chinese society and the Chinese seabet app?How should the Chinese seabet app be carried out?What allies can we fight for in the seabet app?How to finally realize the future of socialism and communism?etc.。All these questions,All require accurate answers from the Chinese Communists,To promote the forward development of the revolutionary movement。
In order to solve these problems,The Chinese Communists have made many efforts。The Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in 1922 adopted an analysis of China’s political and economic conditions,Preliminarily reveals the semi-colonial and semi-feudal nature of Chinese society,Proposed that the party’s highest program is to realize socialism and communism,The revolutionary program at this stage should be to overthrow the warlords,Overthrow the oppression of international imperialism,Unify China and make it a true democratic republic,Thus clearly put forward the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolutionary program。1925,The Fourth National Congress of the Party pointed out,China’s National Revolutionary Movement,The most revolutionary proletariat must vigorously participate,And obtain leadership status,In order to win。1928,The Sixth National Congress of the Party reiterated,The current stage of the Chinese seabet app is a bourgeois civil rights seabet app,If you think that the current stage of the Chinese seabet app is a seabet app that has transformed into a socialist nature,This is wrong,Same,Considers China’s current seabet app is an “uninterrupted seabet app”,It’s also wrong。These facts show,The Communist Party of China in the practice of revolutionary struggle,Have initially recognized the semi-colonial and semi-feudal nature of Chinese society,Recognize that the Chinese seabet app at this stage is not yet a socialist seabet app,It is an anti-imperialist and anti-feudal democratic seabet app,But at the same time, we realize that the leadership of the Chinese seabet app must be in the hands of the proletariat。
should see,The solution to these theoretical issues is still preliminary,Although some questions were raised,But it is not well used to guide practice。It can be seen from this,To successfully solve the nature of the Chinese seabet app、Power、Issues such as roads and future,On this basis, formulate a general revolutionary line suitable for China’s national conditions,Form a complete set of revolutionary theories,And use it to guide the practice of revolutionary struggle,Not an easy thing。
Within the Communist Party of China,Mao Zedong is a successful example of combining Marxism with Chinese reality。December 1925,He published the article "Analysis of Various Classes in Chinese Society",Clearly stated that the industrial proletariat is the leading force of our seabet app,Everything semi-proletarian、The petty bourgeoisie is our closest friend,He also reminded people of the contradictory attitude of the Chinese national bourgeoisie towards the Chinese seabet app,Thinks that its right wing may be the enemy of the proletariat,The left wing may be friends of the proletariat。After the failure of the Great seabet app,He was in the process of leading the Autumn Harvest Uprising,The first to go deep into the countryside,Creating a rural revolutionary base,From the combination of theory and practice,Concluded that the Chinese seabet app can and should take the countryside to surround the cities、Conclusion on the road to armed seizure of power。He also spoke out against bookism,Emphasizes that the victory of the Chinese seabet app depends on Chinese comrades’ understanding of China’s situation。
After the Central Red Army arrived in northern Shaanxi in October 1935,Mao Zedong systematically summarized the experiences and lessons of the Chinese seabet app, especially the agrarian seabet app,Written theoretical articles such as "Strategic Issues in China's Revolutionary War", "On Practice", "On Contradictions",Analysis of the reasons for the failure of the fifth counter-"encirclement and suppression" campaign,Demonstrates the extreme importance of combining Marxism with China’s specific reality。End of 1939 and beginning of 1940,Mao Zedong is further summarizing the Great seabet app、Based on the historical experience since the outbreak of the Agrarian seabet app and the Anti-Japanese War,Published articles such as "Communist", "Chinese seabet app and the Chinese Communist Party", "On New Democracy", etc.,For the first time in China, the complete theory of new democracy was clearly proposed,And gave a systematic explanation of it。This is a historic leap in the historical process of the sinicization of Marxism,It is something that has never been done before。It systematically answers a series of fundamental questions about China’s current democratic seabet app and the future construction of a new China。This is a sign of the maturity of Mao Zedong Thought。
Mao Zedong systematically proposed and clarified the new democratic theory at this time,Not accidental。Before the Zunyi Conference,The Chinese seabet app has suffered repeated setbacks,Of course there are many reasons,But one of the important reasons,I just don’t understand that national conditions are different,The nature of seabet app、Object、Relying on strength and methods, many aspects must be different,The experience of the Russian October seabet app is often mechanically applied,Being dogmatic about the directives of the Communist International。Later, when Mao Zedong reviewed the history of the Communist Party of China,Once preached like this,"If someone says,Is there any comrade,For example, any comrade in the Central Committee,For example, myself,For the laws of the Chinese seabet app,We knew each other completely from the beginning,That’s bragging,Remember not to believe it,Nothing like that。Past,Especially during the beginning,We just want seabet app,As for how to reform the law,Reform something,Which ones should be reformed first,Which rear leather,What will not be reformed until the next stage,over a considerable period of time,Not clear yet,Or it’s not completely clear”。He also said: “On the eve of and during the Anti-Japanese War,I wrote some papers,For example, "Strategic Issues in China's Revolutionary War", "On Protracted War", "On New Democracy", "The Communist Party's Publications",Drafted some policies for the central government、Policy file,They are all summaries of revolutionary experience。Those papers and documents,Can only be generated at that time,Not possible before,Because it has not experienced strong winds and waves,There is no comparison between two victories and two defeats,Not enough experience yet,We still cannot fully understand the laws of the Chinese seabet app”。
By the time Mao Zedong published these articles,The situation is completely different。The Communist Party of China at this time,There is already a great seabet app、More than ten years of rich experience in failures and successes since the outbreak of the Agrarian seabet app and the Anti-Japanese War,has become a politically mature party。Our party has been able to skillfully combine Marxism with the specific practice of the Chinese seabet app,Be able to systematically answer major theoretical questions about the Chinese seabet app。So,New democratic theory is a scientific summary of China’s revolutionary experience。
The reason why Mao Zedong named the seabet app Communists’ own theoretical achievements as New Democratic Theory,There is also a special historical background。
After the outbreak of the nationwide Anti-Japanese War,The Communist Party of China has emerged from the narrow world that was tightly blocked by the reactionaries,Become a major national party,Openly onto the big stage of national political life,Received more and more close attention from people。All classes across the country、All walks of life are eager to understand the seabet app Communist Party’s views on the current situation and China’s future。
In order to establish and consolidate the anti-Japanese national united front,The Communist seabet app of China has made major policy adjustments。After the outbreak of the nationwide Anti-Japanese War,The Kuomintang and the Communist seabet app achieved the second cooperation。The Communist seabet app of China sincerely safeguards the Anti-Japanese National United Front,But the diehards within the Kuomintang have entered a stalemate since the War of Resistance,With the expansion of the CCP’s political influence and the Eighth Route Army、The growth of the New Fourth Army,Creating anti-communist friction in the military。That’s it,Facing the question of “Where is China going?”,The Communist seabet app of China must systematically express its position and views on this,Clearly put forward political ideas that are different from other political parties in front of the people of the country。It is against this background,Mao Zedong wrote and published the above article,Systematically discusses the theory of new democracy。
Before the new democratic theory was proposed,For what kind of new China the Chinese Communist Party will build after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War,What kind of nation-building strategy and principles and policies will be adopted in this new China,Many people are not very clear yet。New democratic theory answers people’s concerns very clearly,It tells the people all over the country,The Chinese Communist Party is currently carrying out a new democratic seabet app,The direct purpose of the seabet app is to establish a new democratic republic,Toward socialism through new democracy,This paints a clear revolutionary roadmap for people。This not only draws a clear line with the Kuomintang’s Three People’s Principles,Also tell the world clearly,The Communist seabet app of China must take a revolutionary path uniquely suited to China’s national conditions。The participants of this seabet app are very wide,Except workers、Farmer、Beyond the petty bourgeoisie,Also includes the national bourgeoisie,Even the enlightened gentry who were part of the landowning class,This also enabled the seabet app led by the Communist Party of China to move away from the narrow workers’ and peasants’ seabet app,Become a true national democratic seabet app。Proposition of New Democratic Theory,Indicates that Chinese Communists have truly realized the sinicization of Marxism。Under the guidance of new democratic theory,The Chinese people have successfully found a way to build a new democratic society through the new democratic seabet app,The development path of transition to a socialist society。
Source: Study Times
Author: Luo Pinghan,Director of the CCP History Teaching and Research Department of the Central seabet app School (National School of Administration)、Professor
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