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Some companies in order to fulfill the contract，Having to spend tens of millions or even hundreds of millions of yuan to purchase carbon emission quotas。But as the general environment becomes increasingly tight，Such a “willful” purchase will become increasingly impossible。
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Carbon emission quotas are becoming a “curse” that is “both invisible and intangible”。In Shandong, the province with the largest energy consumption in the country，This feeling is becoming more and more obvious。
According to statistics，The first performance cycle of the National Carbon Emissions Trading Market (hereinafter referred to as the “National Carbon Market”)，The total amount of contracts to be fulfilled in Shandong Province is 11.5.4 billion tons，As of December 31, 2021，Shandong Province actual performance volume 11.5.2 billion tons，Performance ratio 99.82%。The cumulative transaction volume of national carbon emission quotas is 79.0.8 billion yuan，Shandong Province’s cumulative transaction volume 45.9.8 billion yuan，58% of the country.14%。To this point，The elephant danced lightly，Carbon emissions trading has made key progress in the province that currently has “the highest proportion of carbon market quotas in the country”。
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Carbon emissions trading actually treats carbon dioxide emission rights as a commodity to be bought and sold，Achieve the purpose of controlling total carbon emissions through this market behavior。Specifically，If a company’s annual carbon emission quota is 10,000 tons，Through technological transformation，Their carbon emissions were reduced to 8,000 tons，So the extra 2000 tons，can be sold on the carbon market。And if some companies do not have enough carbon emission seabet live casinoquotas，Can also be purchased on the market。
July 16, 2021，The national carbon market officially launches online trading，This also announced the "opening" of the world's largest carbon market covering greenhouse gas emissions。The power generation industry is the first industry to be included in the national carbon market，More than 2,000 key emission units included in the power generation industry。The entire "14th Five-Year Plan" period，The coverage of this trading market will gradually expand from the power generation industry to petrochemicals、Chemical、Building Materials、Steel、Colored、Papermaking、Electricity、Eight key aviation emission industries。
Liu Huajun, a professor at the School of Economics at Shandong University of Finance and Economics, said: "The national carbon market is my country's use of market mechanisms to control and reduce greenhouse gas emissions、A major institutional innovation to promote green and low-carbon development，It is to ensure that our country reaches the carbon peak as scheduled、Important policy tool for carbon neutrality goals。”
October 23, 2021，The General Office of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued the "Notice on the Clearance of Carbon Emission Quotas in the First Performance Cycle of the National Carbon Emissions Trading Market"，Requires all provinces and cities to ensure that 95% of key emission units in their administrative regions complete compliance before 17:00 on December 15, 2021，All key emission units will complete compliance before 17:00 on December 31。
In actual performance of the contract，Hou Cuirong, deputy director of the Shandong Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, once said frankly that Shandong faces many difficulties，Including: The number of key emission companies in the power generation industry that need to perform and pay off is the largest in the country，In addition to the large number、Large base，There are many small and medium-sized thermal power enterprises and enterprise-owned power plants in the province，There are more key emission enterprises with quota gaps than other provinces；Shandong enterprises have not experienced pilot operations in recent years，Directly facing the national market，Lack of carbon asset management knowledge and experience；Also，Although there is an overall surplus in the province’s carbon emission quota，But specific to each company，The quota surplus and shortage situation is not balanced。
“Facing the new thing of carbon emissions trading，Many companies are confused。”Head of Shandong Carbon Market Service Center、Recollections of Zheng Jing, General Manager of Shandong Zhonghe Carbon Emission Service Center，Enterprises are faced with how to open a trading account、How to register、How to buy and sell performance indicators, etc.，She and her colleagues put a lot of effort into teaching them step by step。Some companies have been hesitant、Wait and see attitude，Even the performance task was not completed until the last day of the performance period。
Statistics from Shandong Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment，A total of 330 key emission enterprises in the power generation industry in Shandong Province have been included in the quota management of the first compliance cycle of the national carbon market，320 enterprises approved to perform the contract，Accounting for one-seventh of the total number of enterprises in the country that should perform the contract (a total of 2162 enterprises in the country that should perform the contract)，Number 1 in the country，More than 110 more than Jiangsu Province, which has the second largest number。
As of January 10, 2022，Except for 13 companies whose accounts have been sealed by the court and 2 companies that have been shut down and canceled, they are unable to trade and perform contracts，The remaining 305 companies have all completed their contract performance，Achieved “fulfilment of duties”。
Liu Huajun said，With seabet loginthe enrichment of carbon trading products，China’s carbon market will develop into trillions of scale，“It should be emphasized that，Trading is just a market method，Essentially, it is to promote the comprehensive green transformation of my country’s economy and society”。
It is becoming increasingly impossible to spend hundreds of millions of dollars on “willful” purchases
Some companies have truly tasted the "sweetness" in the process of fulfilling contracts。
“We are prepared。"The person in charge of Xinfa Group said，Back in 2016，This company headquartered in Chiping, Shandong has begun to build a carbon asset management system。Through the conversion of old and new kinetic energy、Developing a low-carbon green circular economy model，2019、2020 two years，The group’s carbon emissions have achieved a total surplus of 17.59 million tons。2021，72% of youth members participated in 1110 feasible innovation projects of the group，The group has invested up to 2 funds in innovation and transformation.300 million yuan。
December 6, 2021，Shandong issued specific quotas for enterprises，Only one day later，December 7，Xinfa Group has completed the payment of quota。In the first compliance cycle of the national carbon market，They completed a transaction volume of 11.4 million tons，Accounting for 6 of the country’s total transaction volume.4%；Transaction amount 5.8.9 billion yuan，Accounting for 7% of the country’s total transaction volume.67%。
Whether it is for enterprises or local governments，Everything you should do is a profound conceptual change。Some companies in order to fulfill the contract，Having to spend tens of millions or even hundreds of millions of yuan to purchase carbon emission quotas。But as the general environment becomes increasingly tight，Such a “willful” purchase will become increasingly impossible。
According to Wu Hongyang, Director of the Climate Change Department of the Shandong Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment，The "2019-2020 National Carbon Emissions Trading Quota Total Setting and Allocation Implementation Plan (Power Generation Industry)" issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment is clear，Implement all free allocations for the 2019-2020 quota，And adopt the benchmark method to calculate the quota amount of units owned by key emission units，The allocation benchmark value is determined by the state with reference to the relatively advanced carbon emission level in the industry in which the enterprise is located，The quota a company obtains each year is the base value multiplied by the company's actual output for that year，The higher the output，The more quotas；But higher output also means higher carbon emissions。
"Over time，The country’s standards for benchmark values will become increasingly strict，This also means that the quota received by each company will be reduced year by year。"Wu Hongyang said。
“This will, to a certain extent, force some companies to update equipment through technological innovation，Continuously moving towards green and low-carbon direction，Otherwise, the competitiveness of enterprises will continue to deteriorate，Eventually eliminated by the market。"The person in charge of Xinfa Group said，As a circular industry chain enterprise，With the expansion of carbon emissions trading market entities，All industries of the group may participate in the transaction，“It better reflects our advantages in energy conservation and carbon reduction”。
Zheng Jing introduced，As more companies realize the importance of green and low-carbon development，The focus of Shandong Carbon Service Center has changed from assisting enterprises to fulfill contracts，Moved to provide service support for enterprises in technological transformation, green and low-carbon transformation，Start trying to establish a "regional seabet betting platformcarbon ledger、Corporate Carbon Account、Personal Carbon Points” system，And launching the first batch of carbon-neutral buildings in Shandong、Preparation for the construction of carbon neutral park。
Behind the trading market, the talent dilemma needs to be solved
“Shandong Province is one of the provinces with the most complete industrial categories in the country，For enterprises，Completing the quota means that there has not yet been a big breakthrough in technology、When carbon emission intensity is difficult to reduce quickly，It is necessary to reduce the total emissions，We must also meet the needs of production and life in the province，This will bring serious challenges。" said Professor Wang Jingmin, Executive Dean of China International Low Carbon College of Shandong University of Finance and Economics，“But this is also in line with Shandong Province’s strategic plan for the conversion of old and new driving forces and the inevitable requirements for high-quality development，Thus it also means significant opportunities”。
However，Take the road of low-carbon development，Shandong still faces many difficulties。
“To achieve carbon peak before 2030、Strategic goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2060，The demand for carbon asset management talents has never been as urgent as it is today。" Liu Huajun said。Wang Jingmin thinks，At present, my country’s universities have energy economics at the undergraduate level、Environmental economics and other professional construction，But there is no "low carbon economy" related major in the subject classification，This does not yet match the current talent demand in low-carbon economy and carbon management。
Article dedicated to cultivating talents in the low-carbon field，November 2020，China International Low Carbon College of Shandong University of Finance and Economics was officially established，This is the first low-carbon college in Shandong Province，The goal is to build a high-end think tank in the low-carbon field at home and abroad、Talent training base and industry incubation center。But it was established more than a year ago，The college plays an "enlightenment" role to a certain extent: it brings together top domestic and foreign experts to offer a series of courses on climate change economics，Undertake environmental protection classes for local governments and provide social training in the low-carbon field。According to statistics，Students are from academia、Industry、Government and all sectors of society，Many of the students have “zero foundation” in low-carbon knowledge。
In addition to encouraging universities with subject advantages, especially application-oriented universities、Vocational colleges, etc.，Opening the Carbon Asset Management Major，In addition to accelerating the cultivation of multi-level talents，Liu Huajun also suggested strengthening the construction of applied curriculum system for carbon asset management，Accelerate the training of teachers and the construction of teaching teams in the carbon asset management profession，Promote the deep integration of industry, government, academia and research，Adopt diversified forms to strengthen social services in the field of carbon asset management in the new era。
Beyond the talent dilemma，The coordination mechanism of government departments also needs to be strengthened。Zheng Jing said frankly，The biggest confusion encountered in actual work is，The functions of some government departments are not clear enough，“Every department is talking about double carbon，But there is a lack of unified specific policies”。She suggested focusing on low-carbon areas，Collaboration and cooperation between different functional departments should be strengthened。
From corporate transactions to personal carbon reduction，SeabetHow the “low carbon” concept goes further
Reduce carbon emissions，Not just a business matter，It also requires the participation of the whole society。In the past few years，The concept of “low carbon” is becoming more and more popular，Some places are beginning to explore carbon inclusive systems。
“The so-called carbon inclusiveness，In short, it is for small and micro enterprises、Community、Establish carbon accounts for household and individual carbon reduction behaviors，and quantified、Assignment。" said Zhang Chao, director of the Publicity and Education Center of Jinan Ecological Environment Bureau。Introduction to Wu Hongyang，In our country，Wuhan was the first to explore the carbon inclusive mechanism in 2014。2015，Guangdong Province officially launches pilot program of carbon inclusive mechanism，Mainly for small and micro enterprises、Community families and individuals，Relying on the Carbon Inclusion Platform，Data docking with public institutions，Quantify the carbon reduction of the public’s low-carbon behavior，Then give it the corresponding carbon coins，User saves water and electricity、Take public transportation、Installing and using home photovoltaics and other low-carbon behaviors，You can calculate the carbon reduction amount and convert it into carbon coins，The public can use carbon coins to exchange for commercial discounts on the Carbon Inclusive Platform、Exchange public services。
Beijing has launched a carbon inclusive mechanism for green travel，Collect citizens’ green travel information through Amap and Baidu Maps，Then provide individual incentives through carbon market transactions。When the user’s carbon emission reduction reaches a certain amount, he or she can redeem the video membership、Small vouchers, etc.。Products on the equity platform、Services and coupons are provided by equity providers or pilot regional governments。
Wang Jingmin thinks，With the strategic deployment at the national level and the improvement of various institutional designs，The public has made great progress in environmental awareness and active participation in green and low-carbon life。
In Shandong，The exploration of carbon GSP also quietly started。Marked by the launch of the “National Low Carbon” WeChat mini program，Jinan will officially start the pilot program of carbon GSP in June 2021。According to Zhang Chao，Next step，Big data analysis will be introduced，More precise positioning and calculation of personal carbon reduction，Make full use of Jinan’s carbon emission big data，Analyze and summarize and establish low-carbon accounts，Form an incentive mechanism，Inspire individuals、Family、Community、Enterprise participation motivation。
But he thinks，Carbon GSP in progress，Connect with buyers，Both business incentives and government subsidies are unsustainable，“The Carbon GSP should eventually be connected with the carbon emissions trading market，Participate in carbon emissions trading in an appropriate manner，Let it realize the premium of wealth，Really promote it to become a public behavioral consciousness。”
Liu Huajun thinks，The daily use of the carbon emissions trading market should be promoted，Allow individuals to become transaction subjects and beneficiaries，Thus promoting the creation of a green and low-carbon atmosphere in the whole society。
China Youth Daily·China Youth Daily reporter Xing Ting Source: China Youth Daily
