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Future cities under dual carbon goals
New path for digital intelligence development
Text/Huang Qifan
Former Mayor of Chongqing
Cities are important carriers and development spaces for human civilization，The continuous development of cities is conducive to the agglomeration and allocation of various elements，Effectively promotes economic prosperity、Improved residents’ living experience。Looking to the future，Urban development must fully consider the constraints of dual carbon goals，To be more low-carbon、The green way。How to green cities in the future around dual carbon goals、Digital development，I have the following views。
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01
The energy structure shifts to mainly clean energy
Developing efficient new heat sources
The most important thing for urban low-carbonization is the adjustment of energy structure。First，Electric energy，In particular, clean energy power generation should become the main force of urban energy consumption。Clean energy bases are often thousands of kilometers away from cities，And wind power、Clean energy sources such as solar energy are volatile、Intermittent Characteristics，We need smart grids and UHV power transmission and transformation systems that can adapt to the access and consumption of various types of clean energy as the technical foundation，Comprehensive dispatch of power production and supply in different regions，Weaving an energy internet covering the whole country and even the world。Currently，The conditions for building a global energy internet are becoming increasingly mature，The successful practice of China Power Grid has laid an important foundation for building a global energy Internet，will play a key role in the energy supply of future cities。Secondly，Used for urban heating、Energy for refrigeration，If it is completely converted by electrical energy，Definitely uneconomical、Not cost-effective，So we need to find new heat sources for the city。Currently，Various alternatives are gradually taking shape，For example, using ground source heat pump technology to solve the heating and cooling problems of buildings，For example, China's completely independently developed low-temperature nuclear heating technology can be gradually promoted in the northern region because of its inherent safety；As another example, the technological progress seabet casino reviewof seabet online sports bettingsolar heating systems is also very rapid。The emergence of new heat sources in these cities，It will also play a key role in the adjustment of urban energy structure。
02
The planning layout will vigorously develop functional modules with reasonable scale，Form a "building block" development model in which several functional modules are organically connected
Future cities should focus on building urban functional modules that can be interconnected，These modules must form independent operating capabilities，That is, it has the module to provide all the basic life of local residents、Ability to work requirements，Minimize unnecessary cross-module flows。A city is to organize these digital modules，Achieve “building block” development。Develop through "building blocks"，The infrastructure configuration of each functional area can be standardized，Improve the operational efficiency of each area，And effectively improve regional governance capabilities。The technical basis for realizing "building block" development is to establish a city information model (CIM，City InformationModel），The key is to control the module size，Avoid the old path of “spreading the pie” style of urban development。
03
Public transportation will become the mainstay of transportation in big cities，The proportion of high-speed rail in intercity transportation continues to increase
The transportation mode of low-carbon large cities in the future must not be dominated by private cars，But it is more convenient to create、More environmentally friendly、Low-cost rail public transportation system。Among them，Except for metropolitan subways，The proportion of air or ground rail transportation will increase，Provide residents with a fast and convenient travel experience。The urban road network system will greatly improve the level of digitalization and realize vehicle-road collaboration，Via variable lane、Flow sensing and other methods greatly improve the smoothness of urban traffic。In urban road construction，With the introduction of new materials，Urban roads will be powered by solar power、Organic integration of electric vehicle charging and other systems，Further reducing carbon emissions from urban transportation。With the further improvement of the high-speed rail network，The proportion of high-speed rail in intercity transportation will further increase，Railway freight will also develop rapidly，Conducive to reducing the overall carbon emissions of the transportation industry。
04
The construction engineering industry is gradually moving towards steel structures、Assembled type，And continue to reduce operating costs through digitalization
The reinforced concrete structure used in modern urban buildings is one of the important sources of urban carbon emissions。Under the constraints of dual carbon targets，Steel structure、Prefabricated construction is a more feasible low-carbon construction route: first, it can reduce the use of cement from the root；Second, the average service life is longer than that of concrete，From a full life cycle perspective，The carbon emissions of construction projects with steel structures as the main body are far lower than those of concrete structures；Third, there is huge space for low-carbon technology innovation in steel structure buildings，For example, prefabricated construction suitable for steel structures can further reduce carbon emissions during construction。It is true，The steel structure is also corroded、Problems such as poor fire resistance，But with the advancement of technology，These problems are being gradually solved。In addition，With the popularization of digital methods such as building information models，The digitalization of construction projects continues to increase，On the one hand, it brings revolutionary changes to the operation and maintenance of construction projects，The profit model of construction projects has changed；On the other hand，It is also conducive to establishing an operating model of urban building linkage，Achieve coordinated operation of multiple buildings、Complementary resources，Thus further reducing the carbon emission level of construction projects。
05
Take practical measures to promote decarbonization and carbon reduction in the industrial sector，Building a green and low-carbon industrial system
seabet sports bettingIn the process of achieving dual carbon goals，As a major energy consumer and emitter，seabet live casinoseabet casino reviewThe city’s traditional industrial sector faces the problem of how to reduce and decarbonize。It is recommended to promote decarbonization and carbon reduction from four aspects: first, source reduction，That is, reducing resource consumption at the source of industrial inputs。For example, the steel industry，To further optimize the fuel structure，Reduce fuel ratio、Iron-steel ratio，Developing short-process steelmaking。The second is energy conservation and emission reduction，Actively promote the application of advanced energy technology and intelligent control technology，Increase power、Metallurgy、Energy efficiency of key high energy-consuming industries such as chemical industry。If my country’s energy utilization efficiency can reach the world average level in 2019，You can save 15.800 million tons of standard coal，Can reduce carbon emissions by about 3.9 billion tons。The third is recycling，For example, recycling waste heat and intermediate materials in the production process of industrial enterprises，Perform full life cycle management of products，Developing remanufacturing industry, etc.。The fourth is process flow transformation，Green transformation of process flow through the use of low-carbon technology，Phasing out high-carbon and energy-consuming technologies。In terms of specific operations，It is recommended to learn from international experience，Relying on industry leading enterprises，Aiming for carbon neutrality，Building mutual benefit through market mechanisms、A community of upstream and downstream interests in the industrial chain with win-win cooperation，Leverage the synergy between upstream and downstream enterprises in the industry chain，Promote the construction of a new green and low-carbon industrial system。
06
Green consumption habits of residents，Urban circular economy has achieved tremendous development
Residents’ daily life directly produces 8% of carbon emissions，The indirect carbon emissions are even more considerable，So seabet sports bettingIn the process of achieving dual carbon goals，The popularization and practice of low-carbon concepts among urban residents is also a crucial factor。The first is to promote a low-carbon culture in residents’ lives，Enable energy conservation and environmental protection、The green and healthy lifestyle is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people。The second is to guide residents to form low-carbon consumption habits through market-oriented means。China’s carbon trading market was officially launched in July last year，Currently it only covers power generation companies，Will expand to all walks of life in the future。When all consumer goods、Every lifestyle service industry will have “carbon equivalent”，Carbon trading may be extended to individual residents，Effectively affects residents’ daily lives。By establishing individual carbon quotas for residents，And give participants rewards and punishments based on quantitative indicators，City residents can be further guided to form consumption habits that reduce waste。Meanwhile，With the digitalization of the entire link from production to end consumers，Urban circular economy will develop further，In the car、Battery、Electronics Manufacturing、Clothing and other fields，A large number of industrial forms engaged in circular economy will emerge，While continuing to create wealth for society，It also greatly reduces the carbon emissions of the entire product life cycle。
Secondly，The green city of the future、Low carbon cities must be supported by digital technology、Based on smart city construction。Look in detail，Future cities also have five digital development paths:
First, changes in the way production factors are gathered，Data elements will become the core elements of future city operations。
The current urban economy is based on land、Capital、Technology、On top of the four elements of labor force，Under the dual carbon goals, traditional urban economic development must make breakthroughs at the factor level，The data elements proposed by the Party Central Committee have opened up a new path for the further development of the urban economy in the future，Making massive data resources the core driving force for urban low-carbon green economic development。Look in detail，Market-oriented configuration of urban data elements，Contains opportunities seabet online casinoseabet live casinoin both data elementization and element digitization。The process of data elementization is to integrate urban data resources，And explore the process of market-oriented trading model。Element digitization refers to the traditional land of the city、Capital、Technology、Digital transformation and upgrading of labor and other elements。The integration of traditional elements and data elements is a major measure to deepen the supply-side structural reform，Conducive to using digital technology to improve factor mobility，Conducive to guiding various factors to coordinate and gather towards advanced productivity，This will create conditions for improving the level of the city’s primary, secondary and tertiary industry chains。So，The city of the future will be built on the basis of "data elementization" and "element digitization"，Managers of future cities must also have the ability to operate data elements，Turn all aspects of city data resources into the driving force of urban green economy。
Second, urban construction must start from "building cities around production" with manufacturing as the core，Towards "city-based manufacturing" with innovation and service industry as the core。
Since modern times，With the acceleration of industrialization，Cities are basically built around various industries。This "city-building around production" model is a natural choice for urban economic development in the industrial era，formed large metropolitan areas in developed Western countries。It can be said，The "city-building around production" with manufacturing as the core has formed a population agglomeration、Established the primary form of the city。A large number of cities in our country are also built around industries，But with the changes in the industry，Such cities often show instability in economic development，Some resource-based cities have even experienced serious setbacks in economic development。Under the dual carbon target，A large number of traditional industries will gradually move out of big cities，This is a huge challenge for the continued development of many cities，There is an urgent need to inject new industries to maintain the momentum of development。This requires us to build on the already formed city，Carry out "city-based production"，Building a future-oriented green and low-carbon industry。Each city must conduct in-depth analysis of its own data elements，Based on urban characteristics、Aiming at the forefront of science and technology，Build the city’s own high-quality internal and external circulation，Create a large number of new industries based on new factors、New business format、New mode。A new round of “city-based production” is a new stage of my country’s urbanization development，It is also an inevitable choice to move from industrial civilization to digital civilization。
The third is strategic emerging industries such as digital economy，Cracking the "Baumol's Disease" of Economic Growth。
Next 40 years，With the in-depth adjustment of industrial structure，The proportion of the service industry will increase significantly，This is in line with the law of economic structure evolution，Also meets the basic requirements of the dual carbon target，But this may also lead to continued slowdown or even stagnation of economic growth，The so-called "Baumor's disease"。To this，The fundamental way is to vigorously develop strategic emerging industries such as the digital economy。Because a basic assumption that creates "Baumor's disease" is that most industries in the service industry are not tradable，Labor productivity will stagnate for a long time。But with the new generation of information technology、5G、Big data、Cloud computing、Blockchain、Digital technology represented by artificial intelligence is changing this assumption。With the help of industrial digitalization、Digital Industrialization，Service industries that were not tradable in the past are creating new trade models。Although the Mozart quartet 300 years ago required four people，We still need four people after 300 years，But with the help of the Internet、AR/VR and other technologies，Listeners may come from any corner of the world。In other words，With the blessing of digital technology，Productivity in some service industries is improving across the board，And it is achieved in a low-carbon and green way。Therefore，seabet sports bettingIn the process of achieving seabet iodual carbon goals，We must vigorously develop strategic emerging industries such as the digital economy as an important starting point and entry point to promote industrial structural adjustment，Empowering all walks of life with digital technology，Accelerate the cultivation of subversiveness、Exponential new industry momentum。
The fourth is to pay attention to the construction of new urban infrastructure around dual carbon goals。
New urban infrastructure is the basis for green and low-carbon city operations，It is not just a simple upgrade of the original infrastructure，But it should focus on the functions of future digital cities，Bold changes in its construction and operation models，Innovative Urban Energy、Transportation、Education、Market mechanisms in medical and other aspects，Inject new development impetus into the city。Promote the construction of new urban infrastructure from a tactical level，Follow the four steps of digital transformation: 1.0 version is digital，To realize "all things have a voice"。This is the primary form of digital city，The purpose is to let the objects in the city speak，can be expressed in numerical form，Provide source data for building urban digital space。2.Version 0 is networked，To achieve "all things connected"，Through IoT、Mobile Internet connects digital urban essentials，Let objects in the city communicate with each other。3.Version 0 is intelligent，To realize "human-machine dialogue"，That is, people and things can communicate，Realize local intelligent response and regulation in cities，Such as smart charging、Intelligent transportation, etc.。4.Version 0 is smart，To realize “smart city”，It is to make all parts of the city function、Various industries，Based on data、Optimized operation driven by human wisdom。
Fifth, the future city is a digital twin city composed of physical space and digital space，We must pay full attention to the governance of digital space。
When the city’s new infrastructure completes the above four steps，Building a digital twin city also has a software and hardware foundation，Can construct a digital spatial model of the city。From an individual perspective，Every resident except living in a physical community、Working inside a physical building，will also have an identity in the digital space，Can work in digital space、Learning、Entertainment。
The focus of the construction of digital twin cities is to establish a demand-oriented market system and governance system in the digital space，Become an important means to develop urban data elements、Important growth point of future urban economy。On this basis，City data elements will be shared openly to the greatest extent，Thus creating security、Reliable、Massive data application market，Enterprise、Every individual can live fairly in this urban digital space、Work、Transaction。
From an urban management perspective，We must pay full attention to the governance of the urban digital space that has gradually formed，The key is to share a set of data and system credit systems in the two spaces。Based on blockchain、Big data、Artificial intelligence and other technologies，A more equitable system covering urban and rural areas can be established、Reliable、Safe credit system，On this basis，Need to legislate digital space，Normal individual、Enterprise、Government Behavior in Digital Space，Avoid monopoly、Big data familiarity、Illegal phenomena such as privacy invasion，Let digital space become a new source of urban economic vitality、New addition to residents’ happy life。
In short，Around the dual carbon target，China’s urban construction must be complete、Accurate、Comprehensively implement the new development concept，Maintain strategic focus，Plan the greening of urban economy and society from the perspective of harmonious coexistence of man and nature in the city、Digital development，Bold innovation from the perspective of basic rules of urban operation in the digital era，Strive to build a low-carbon green city that serves the people’s better life。
Original link: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/jcdrHmZ1AAKjy3PrzQloJw
Source:Tsinghua University Internet Industry Research Institute
Editing, pictures｜Duan Wenxiu
Reviewer, Editor｜Yang Fan
